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What Are Anxiety Disorders? Individuals with anxiety disorders experience fears and worries out of proportion to the circumstance. In generalized anxiety disorders, they are concerned about a wide range of scenarios. They also have difficulty controlling these symptoms. The symptoms of anxiety disorders typically start in the early years of childhood. The reason for this is not known but genetics and other life events could play a role. Signs and symptoms An anxiety disorder is diagnosed if you experience excessive worry or fear, that is difficult to manage. It could affect your daily routine. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as well as panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and specific phobias, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder. GAD is characterized by overwhelming and uncontrollable anxiety. They may have trouble concentrating and are often worried about their health, finances or work. Panic disorder is characterized by brief, intense moments of fear and discomfort that can occur without warning. Signs of the disorder include chest pain or palpitations, breathing issues or dizziness. People with phobias have fears of certain objects such as situations, people, or places. Examples include heights, spiders, or enclosed spaces. OCD is characterized by repetitive, compulsive actions that are employed to manage anxiety and ease the feelings of tension. Post-traumatic stress disorder is characterized by a difficult time letting go of disturbing, frightening memories. This can result in flashbacks and nightmares. The causes of anxiety disorders have not been fully understood. However they are likely to be caused by a combination of factors. Certain studies suggest that both the genetics and the environment that surrounds a person are important. For example generalized anxiety disorder is more likely to be passed down through families, and traumatizing or stressful experiences during childhood increase the risk for developing an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are more common in people with chronic medical conditions or who are dependent on alcohol or drugs. Most anxiety disorders respond well when treated. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, as well as medication can help alleviate the symptoms of anxiety disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of psychotherapy that helps people learn to think and react in a way that can make them feel less stressed. Anti-anxiety medications and beta-blockers used to treat high pressure can help alleviate physical symptoms, such as rapid heartbeat or shaking. A healthcare provider can determine the proper dosage and medications for each patient. Early treatment can make the treatment of anxiety disorders less difficult. Diagnosis Many people experience anxiety at times — for example, when preparing to give a speech or taking a crucial test. If the anxiety is persistent and uncontrollable, they interfere with daily life, it may be a sign that you have an anxiety disorder. A mental health professional will identify anxiety disorders based on the criteria found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. They will inquire about your symptoms and when they started and for how long, if they are getting worse, or how much they impact your life. They will also test for other conditions that may cause similar symptoms, such as thyroid or depression. Different anxiety disorders have various symptoms. Your doctor will identify the kind of anxiety disorder that is causing you problems and create a plan for treatment. This could include psychotherapy, medication, or both. Some people are at greater chance of developing an anxiety disorder than others. This includes those who have an ancestral history of anxiety or other mental health problems and children who are exposed to or witness traumatizing events, and those with certain medical conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumato arthritis or sleep apnea. Anxiety is more likely to occur in conjunction with other physical or mental illnesses, such as depression or cardiovascular disease. People with an anxiety disorder are often unable to admitting they have a problem, and seeking treatment. This can be because of stigmatization, a lack of awareness that anxiety disorders are an illness that can be treated, or limited access. Anxiety disorders are difficult to manage, but with the proper support, the majority of people improve. Talk with your doctor or therapist about the strategies that can help you cope and follow your treatment plan. Make sure you follow the prescriptions for your medication and attend therapy appointments. Also, avoid nicotine and alcohol, as they can cause anxiety to become more severe. Be open with your family and friends about your illness and build a network of people with the same condition. This will help you manage and share your experiences with others. Involve your loved ones in your treatment plan, and try to stop the cycle of worry by focusing more on things you love, such as activities or sports. Treatment Psychotherapy, medication and other complementary methods can be used to treat some kinds of anxiety disorders. The medications used to treat anxiety include benzodiazepines and antidepressants. Certain people need to try a variety of medications before they discover one that is effective. Caffeine, some over-the-counter drugs and prescriptions, as well as illicit substances and herbal supplements may increase anxiety symptoms and interact with prescription medications. Patients should always discuss any changes to their drug use with a doctor. A combination of medication and therapy is often the best way to manage an anxiety disorder. Therapy can help you deal with your symptoms, and change your negative beliefs and thoughts that fuel anxiety. It can also help with relaxation and stress-reducing techniques, such as deep muscular relaxation meditation, deep breathing, and meditation exercises. Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most effective treatments for anxiety. It helps you learn to think and behave in a way that reduces anxiety. It can also involve exposure therapy, which is the process of slowly confronting the things that trigger your anxiety. It can also include complementary approaches to health, such as acupuncture and mindfulness. If you are suffering from anxiety that is severe The doctor can prescribe a short-term treatment of benzodiazepines, which can be used quickly to calm your symptoms. If you are expressing suicidal thoughts, you must be evaluated by the emergency department. The medications can relieve symptoms however they cannot treat anxiety disorders. They are not able to remove the underlying cause, and must be taken regularly. Some of the most effective treatments for anxiety disorders mix psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy or exposure therapy. You can reduce the symptoms of anxiety by regularly exercise, avoiding unhealthy food and drinking alcohol in moderate amounts. Smoking cigarettes and getting enough sleep can aid in reducing anxiety. It is important to maintain connections with friends and avoid being isolated because loneliness can worsen anxiety symptoms. You can find a therapy provider in your area by searching the ADAA's Find-a-Therapist database or visiting BetterHelp, an online therapy platform which matches you with a licensed therapist for as little as $49 for a session. Prevention Humans are programmed to feel anxious and fear in certain circumstances. It is our body's way of preparing for fighting or fleeing from a threat. However, when these feelings linger and begin to disrupt our daily routine it is deemed to be an anxiety disorder. The symptoms of anxiety are caused by many factors like stress, genetics, and trauma. The good news is that many people suffering from anxiety disorder can overcome it with aid of treatment. The first step is to discuss your symptoms with your primary healthcare provider. Your doctor will evaluate your health and, if needed, refer you to a mental healthcare professional. Psychotherapy and medication are two of the most effective treatments available for anxiety disorders. Talk therapy can help you learn to manage your emotions and alter negative thought patterns that fuel your anxiety. Certain medications can help you manage the symptoms and focus on healthier behaviors. Some examples of medicines that are used to combat anxiety include antidepressants beta blockers, as well as benzodiazepines. Relaxation techniques such as meditation and deep breathing can also aid in reducing anxiety. Avoiding substances that can alter your mood, for example caffeine, can help. Regular exercise can help reduce stress. Try to be more social or try a new activity if you're having difficulty coping with your anxiety. It is important to know that anxiety disorders typically begin in early adolescence or the beginning of childhood and can be passed down through families. Anyone who has experienced a difficult period in their lives, like abuse as a child or tragic loss, are at greater likelihood of developing anxiety disorders. The USPSTF recommends that adults including postpartum and pregnant women should be screened for anxiety disorders. Those at higher risk of having anxiety disorders should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, considering their individual risks and benefits. In the absence of guidelines based on evidence on screening frequency, clinicians should use their judgment as a clinician when assessing the risk factors, comorbidities, and life events of the patient to determine if additional screening is needed.